 |
| Angina, Definition, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Angina is chest pain that occurs due to impaired blood flow to the heart muscle tissue. Chest pain due to angina is often similar to chest pain caused by other diseases.
Angina symptoms in the form of chest pain like being crushed or pressed. This complaint more often appears when the sufferer is on the move, namely when the heart pumps blood faster.
Angina can be treated with medication from a doctor and by leading a healthy lifestyle. If handled properly, angina sufferers can avoid serious complications.
Causes of Angina
Angina (angina pectoris) occurs when the arteries of the heart (coronary) narrow. The heart's blood vessels function to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, so that the heart can pump blood properly.
When the coronary arteries narrow, the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle will be disrupted so that the heart cannot pump blood optimally. This condition is also known as coronary heart disease.
The cause of coronary heart disease is the formation of plaque or fat deposits in the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis). The blood vessels that have been narrowed can become narrower when the patient is doing activities.
Angina can also occur when the coronary arteries narrow momentarily, due to muscle tension in the arteries (variant angina). This angina can occur at any time, even when you are resting.
There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, including:
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Stress
- Obesity
- Smoking habit
- Lack of exercise
- Family history of angina
- Age 45 years and over in men or 55 years and over in women
- Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages
Symptoms of Angina
The main symptom of angina is chest pain that feels like a heavy object is pressing on it. Pain caused by angina can spread to other parts of the body, such as the neck, arms, shoulders, back, jaw, and teeth. In women, sometimes chest pain can feel like being stabbed by a sharp object.
Some other symptoms that can accompany chest pain in angina or angina are:
- A cold sweat
- Nauseous
- Dizzy
- Weak
- Hard to breathe
Angina symptoms occur more often with activity and subside or disappear when resting or taking medication. This type of angina is called stable angina. In certain cases, angina does not go away even after resting and taking medication, or occurs while resting. This type of angina is called unstable angina.
When to go to the doctor
Check and see a doctor if you have diabetes or hypertension, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease.
If you experience symptoms of angina, go to the doctor so that your condition is treated immediately. Patients who experience symptoms of unstable angina should be immediately taken to the emergency department (IGD) of the nearest hospital, because they are at risk of having a heart attack.
Diagnosis of Angina
As a first step, the doctor will examine the symptoms that appear in the patient. The doctor will also ask for a history of symptoms, such as when the symptoms appeared, and whether they appeared periodically or suddenly. In addition, the doctor will also ask the patient's family medical history.
The examination was then continued by measuring body weight and blood pressure. To determine the cause of the appearance of angina, the doctor may also perform the following examinations:
• Electrocardiography (ECG)
ECG aims to observe the rhythm of the heart's electrical flow, which can be problematic when the patient has coronary heart disease. An EKG can be done while inactive or while doing physical activity, such as walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike.
• Echocardiography
This test aims to observe the structure of the heart using sound waves. Echocardiography can show abnormalities in the structure of the heart, such as damage to the heart muscle.
• Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization aims to see the coronary arteries of the heart. This procedure is done by using X-rays assisted by injection of dye into the blood vessels.
• CT scan
A CT scan is done to show an overview of the structure and abnormalities of the heart.
If the patient has unstable sitting angina, the doctor will examine the presence of cardiac enzymes in the blood, which is a sign of damage to the heart organs due to a heart attack. In addition, blood tests can be done to determine sugar, cholesterol, and kidney function levels, as well as to determine risk factors and determine the drugs to be given.
Angina Treatment in Hospital
Angina is most often caused by coronary heart disease. Therefore, the doctor will prescribe drugs for coronary heart disease, including:
• Nitrates
This drug works to relax stiff blood vessels so that blood can flow smoothly to the muscles. One example of this type of drug is nitroglycerin.
• Blood thinners
This drug works to prevent blood cells from clumping. Some examples of drugs from this class are aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticagrelor.
• Calcium antagonists
Calcium antagonists can improve heart blood flow and prevent angina. This drug is also able to relax the muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels. Some examples of drugs from this class are amlodipine and diltiazem.
• Beta blockers
Beta blockers work to lower blood pressure and heart rate. In this way, the workload of the heart is reduced.
• ACE inhibitors
ACE inhibitors function to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
• Statins
This drug aims to lower cholesterol in the blood so that damage to blood vessels can be prevented.
Sometimes, the narrowing of the heart's blood vessels that causes angina can no longer be treated with medication. In this condition, special measures are needed by a cardiologist to prevent a heart attack, namely:
• Heart ring installation
This procedure aims to improve blood flow. The trick is to widen the part of the blood vessel that has narrowed, then install a ring-like device in that part so it doesn't narrow again.
• Heart bypass surgery
Heart bypass surgery aims to reroute the narrowed blood flow by creating alternative blood vessels. These blood vessels can be taken from other parts of the body.
Angina Supplementary Treatment
To reduce the severity of symptoms and reduce the risk of a heart attack, sufferers need to lead a healthy lifestyle and leave bad habits that can trigger coronary heart disease. The recommended healthy lifestyle is:
- Eat a balanced nutritious diet
- Eat foods that contain lots of fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limit consumption of foods containing saturated fat
- Do not eat more than the portion or calories needed by the body
- Adequate sleep, ie 6–8 hours a day
- Manage stress well
- Maintain ideal body weight
- Limiting consumption of alcoholic beverages
- Do not smoke
In addition, diabetics are advised to keep their blood sugar levels within normal limits. While people with sleep apnea, it is recommended to consult a doctor for treatment.
Angina Complications
Angina can lead to dangerous complications, namely a heart attack. A heart attack is an emergency condition that must be treated immediately. Therefore, immediately go to the nearest hospital emergency room if you experience symptoms of a heart attack.
Angina Prevention
Angina can be prevented in the following ways:
- Exercise regularly, such as leisurely cycling, walking, or swimming
- Eat heart-healthy foods, especially foods that contain fiber and unsaturated fats, such as vegetables, fruits, tuna, and olive oil
- Avoid consumption of foods high in salt and saturated fat, such as coconut milk, fried foods, cheese, and butter
- Maintain ideal body weight
- Avoid consumption of alcoholic beverages
- Do not smoke
Related Search:
- angina,
- angina pectoris,
- angina symptoms,
- what is angina,
- ludwig's angina,
- unstable angina,
- prinzmetal angina,
- angina definition,
- ludwig angina,
- angina treatment,
- stable angina,
- angina de pecho,
- what causes angina,
- angina drug,
- angina drugs,
- microvascular angina,
- stable vs unstable angina,
- angina treatments,
- angina pain,
- what does angina feel like,
- what is angina pectoris,
- angina attack,
- symptoms of angina,
- variant angina,
- angina pectoris definition,
- angina bullosa haemorrhagica,
- angina chest pain,
- is angina dangerous,
- define angina,
- angina meaning,
- types of angina,
- angina vs heart attack,
- angina williams,
- angina icd 10,
- unstable angina icd 10,
- vasospastic angina,
- unstable angina symptoms,
- treatment for angina,
- angina pronunciation,
- angina causes,
- angina symptoms in women,
- what is angina drug,
- atypical angina,
- unstable angina treatment,
- ludwigs angina,
- icd 10 code for angina,
- angina pectoris symptoms,
- angina pectoris occurs when,
- acute angina,
- angina diagnosis,
- angina medications,
- nitroglycerin for angina,
- what is angina pain,
- atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris,
- whats angina,
- angina de pecho sintomas,
- stable angina symptoms,
- signs of angina,
- angina pectoris icd 10,
- heart angina,
- what is unstable angina,
- do i have angina quiz,
- causes of angina,
- icd 10 code for unstable angina,
- angina drug olympics,
- how is angina diagnosed,
- prinzmetal angina treatment,
- what is angina?,
- how long does angina last,
- icd 10 angina,
- que es angina de pecho,
- chronic stable angina,
- how to treat angina,
- angina pectoris treatment,
- angina equivalent,
- unstable angina pectoris,
- angina medical definition,
- how to pronounce angina,
- angina attack what to do,
- stable angina treatment,
- unstable angina vs nstemi,
- angina symptoms male,
- ludwig's angina symptoms,
- which medication is given to clients who are diagnosed with angina but are allergic to aspirin?,
- pronounce angina,
- angina in women,
- ludwig angina symptoms,
- cervical angina,
- angina arm pain,
- angina signs and symptoms,
- angina heart,
- unstable angina ecg,
- signs and symptoms of angina,
- what causes angina pectoris,
- ludwig’s angina,
- medication for angina,
- variant angina symptoms,
- stable angina icd 10,
- unstable angina definition,
- angina pectoris medical definition,
