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| Sterile Surgery, Here's What You Should Know |
Sterile surgery is a permanent method of contraception that aims to prevent a person from having children. This procedure can be performed on men or women. In men, sterile surgery is performed with a vasectomy. While in women, sterile surgery is performed with tubal ligation.
In a tubal ligation type of sterile surgery, the fallopian tubes or tubes that connect the ovaries and uterus are tied or closed. This is done to prevent the sperm from meeting the egg so that fertilization does not occur.
The success rate of sterile surgery in preventing pregnancy is almost 100 percent. In one study, only 2–30 women out of every 1,000 women were known to still be able to get pregnant after undergoing sterile surgery.
Sterile surgery does not affect a person's hormone levels, sex drive and ability to have sex. Before going into further discussion, please note that this article will only discuss female sterile surgery or tubal ligation. Meanwhile, male sterile surgery is discussed on the vasectomy page.
Purpose and Indications for Sterile Surgery
Sterile surgery is aimed at women who decide they don't want to have or want to stop having children. Women who have had sterile surgery later will not need another method of contraception. Sterile surgery is also beneficial for lowering the risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Generally, sterile surgery is performed on women aged 30 years and over and already have children. In patients outside of these two conditions, the doctor will suggest another type of contraception. This is done so that the patient does not regret in the future.
Sterile Surgery Warnings and Contraindications
There are several things that patients who want to undergo sterile surgery should know, namely:
- Sterile surgery cannot prevent sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, safe sexual relations still need to be done.
- Even if it is considered permanent, it is still possible to return a tubal ligation or reopen the fallopian tube so that you can get pregnant again. However, the success rate is very small.
- The risk of complications from sterile surgery is greater in people with diabetes, overweight and obesity, and patients with a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery. Therefore, it is important to consult with a doctor to consider the side effects of the procedure.
- Sterile surgery will not be recommended if the patient or their partner still wants to have children. If the patient or partner feels unprepared to make a joint decision, sterile surgery will not be recommended for fear of causing regret in the future.
In addition, sterile surgery is not recommended for patients with cancer of the uterine area and patients with morbid obesity.
Before Sterile Surgery
For patients who want to undergo sterile surgery, discuss it with your partner first, because there are many other contraceptive options. Also consult with your doctor whether sterile surgery is the right choice, considering the effects are permanent.
In the consultation session, the doctor will ask the patient's reason for wanting to perform a sterile operation. The doctor will also explain the benefits and risks of sterile surgery, the stages, the possibility of failure, and the right time to undergo surgery.
Sterile surgery can be performed immediately after delivery or at the same time as a cesarean section. In patients who want to undergo sterile surgery outside of these two conditions, doctors will usually recommend the use of contraception 1 month before sterile surgery until the procedure is complete.
Prior to undergoing sterile surgery, patients will be told to do the following:
- Stop eating and drinking for at least 8 hours before surgery.
- Do not smoke the night before surgery.
- Stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen, warfarin, or other anticoagulant drugs, because they can slow down the postoperative healing process.
- If using nail polish, remove it before undergoing surgery.
- Do not forget to bring pads, because there may be bleeding from the vagina after surgery.
- Do not wear high heels on the day the surgery will be performed, because the effects of the anesthetic can cause dizziness when walking.
- Remove all jewelry worn before undergoing sterile surgery.
- Wear loose-fitting clothing to avoid postoperative discomfort.
- Ask your partner, family, or friend to pick you up on the day of surgery, because the side effects of the anesthetic can be dangerous if the patient drives his own vehicle.
Sterile Operation Procedure
Sterile surgery on women is carried out in several stages. Here are the steps taken by the doctor:
- Give general anesthesia first so that the patient falls asleep and does not feel anything during the operation
- Make a small incision around the navel, then fill the patient's stomach with carbon dioxide gas to make it bulge
- Utilize the incision that has been made to carry out the next step, if tubal ligation is performed after cesarean section
- Inserting a laparoscope to reach the reproductive organs after the patient's stomach is bulging
- Close the fallopian tube by cutting, folding, or clamping it using special rings or clamps.
After Sterile Surgery
After the sterile operation is completed, the doctor will monitor the patient's condition every 15 minutes to 1 hour. If no complications occur, the patient can go home a few hours later.
The recovery process for sterile surgery generally takes 2–5 days. However, the doctor will ask the patient to do a control for a week after the operation. It is important to remember that birth control should be used until the next menstrual cycle or until 3 months after surgery.
To help the recovery process, the doctor will provide a number of suggestions for the patient to do, namely:
- Do not consume alcoholic beverages and drive a vehicle within 24 hours of surgery.
- Do not remove the bandage until the next day after surgery and not until 2 days after surgery.
- Do not scratch the incision area, and always dry the area carefully after every shower.
- Don't have sex and lift heavy objects until your doctor has given you permission.
- Do normal activities gradually if your condition feels better.
In addition, immediately consult a doctor if you do not recover completely or symptoms appear, such as:
- Fever to 38°C or more
- Abdominal pain that continues to worsen up to 12 hours after surgery
- The incision has a bad smell
- Bleeding at the incision site
Sterile Surgery Complications
In rare cases, sterile surgery that is not performed properly carries the risk of causing an extrauterine pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy. This condition is very dangerous and must be treated immediately, because it can cause death to the mother or fetus.
In addition, sterile surgery can also cause several complications, such as:
- Allergic reactions to drugs
- Pain in the abdomen and pelvis that lasts continuously
- Damage to the intestines, bladder and blood vessels
- Incision scars are difficult to heal or become infected
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