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| Assessing Pain with Pain Scale |
Pain scale is used to determine the severity of pain felt by the patient. Pain scales can assist doctors in making an accurate diagnosis, planning treatment, and measuring the effectiveness of treatment.
Not only the severity, the pain scale can also be used to determine the duration and type of pain felt by the patient. Pain scale measurements can be performed on patients of all ages, from newborns to the elderly, as well as on those who have communication disorders.
Various Pain Scales
There are many methods for measuring pain scales, but the most commonly used include:
1. Numeric rating scale (NRS)
The numeric rating scale is the most commonly used pain scale. This pain scale is designed for use by patients over 9 years of age. This level of pain intensity can be assessed at initial treatment, or periodically after treatment.
In measuring this pain scale, patients are asked to rate the pain experienced using a number 0–10 or 0–5. The bigger the number you choose, the more pain you will feel. Here is the explanation:
- Number 0 means no pain
- Numbers 1-3 means mild pain
- Numbers 4–6 mean moderate pain
- Numbers 7-10 means severe pain
2. Visual analog scale (VAS)
This pain scale uses a 10 cm long line that is printed on a piece of paper. At the end of the line on the left is the words "no pain" and at the other end is the words "very sick".
The patient is asked to put a dot or X on the line to indicate the intensity of the pain. Then the doctor will measure the line to calculate the pain score.
3. Verbal rating scale (VRS)
The pain scale is a verbal rating scale that uses words, numbers, or colors to rate pain. For example, in a straight line there are words ranging from “no pain”, “mild pain”, “moderate pain”, “very painful”, “very painful”, to “very very painful”.
Each word is paired with a number (eg, "no pain" = 0 and "very very painful" = 5).
4. Face pain scale (FPS)
For children, the pain scale usually uses several images of faces with different colors and expressions. Children can choose the face that they feel is best suited to the level of pain they are experiencing.
5. McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ)
This type of pain scale is shaped like a questionnaire containing 78 words related to pain, such as fear, cold, heat, numbness, and so on. Patients were asked to mark the words that best matched their perceived condition.
After that, the doctor will count the number of marked words. This pain scale is intended for children who can read and adults.
6. Brief pain inventory (BPI)
This pain scale contains about 15 questions to determine the pain felt during the last 24 hours. Some questions are equipped with a choice of numbers 0–10.
Examples of questions given include marking the location of pain on a human image and whether the pain interferes with the patient's sleep or ability to walk.
7. Initial pain assessment tool
The initial pain assessment tool is designed to be used during the initial examination. This pain scale can help doctors get information about the patient's pain.
The pain scale makes it easier for doctors to assess, diagnose, and treat patients. Several pain scales may be used in combination to obtain more accurate results.
If you feel pain even to the point of interfering with activities, you should further consult with your doctor to determine the cause and further treatment steps that are appropriate for your condition.
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