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| Color Blind, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Color blindness is an eye condition that is unable to see colors normally. People with this disease have difficulty distinguishing certain colors (partial color blindness) or even all colors (total color blindness).
Color blindness is a disease that is generally acquired from birth. This condition is more common in men than women.
Color blindness is a lifelong disease. So that the patient can adapt to this condition, the doctor will provide treatment according to the type of color blindness suffered.
Causes of Color Blindness
The eye has special nerve cells that react to color and light. In addition to detecting light and dark, this cell also functions to detect three color pigments, namely red, green, and blue. Furthermore, the brain will determine the color perception of what is captured by the cells in the eye.
In people with color blindness, the cells that detect color pigments are damaged or malfunctioning. As a result, the eye cannot detect certain colors or even all colors.
The causes of color blindness are divided into three, namely as follows:
1. Take down
In most cases, color blindness is passed from parent to child. Hereditary color blindness generally affects both eyes. The severity of color blindness in hereditary diseases can be mild, moderate, to severe, with the degree of severity that will not change until the end of the sufferer's life.
2. Obtained
Apart from heredity, the following factors can cause a person to develop color blindness later in life:
- Certain diseases that can decrease your ability to see color, such as sickle cell anemia, diabetes, macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, leukemia, or alcoholism
- Side effects of medications, such as digoxin, ethambutol, phenytoin, sildenafil, and hydroxychloroquine
- Exposure to chemicals, such as carbon disulfide used in the rayon industry, or styrene used in the plastics and rubber industry
- Eye injury, for example from an accident or impact
3. Aging
Age can also be the cause of someone suffering from color blindness. As you get older, your eye's ability to perceive light and color decreases, which can make it difficult to distinguish colors. This condition will be worse in someone who suffers from cataracts.
Symptoms and Types of Color Blindness
Color blindness is characterized by difficulty distinguishing certain colors (partial color blindness), or even all colors (total color blindness). Signs of someone suffering from color blindness include:
- Difficulty following lessons at school related to color
- Difficult to distinguish the color of traffic lights
- Difficult to distinguish the color of the drug
- It is difficult to distinguish the color of unripe fruit from ripe ones, or determine the level of ripeness of food that is being cooked
Symptoms of color blindness in each patient can be different, depending on the damaged or malfunctioning pigment cells. These symptoms are divided into three types, namely red-green, blue-yellow, and total. Here is the explanation:
red-green color blindness
Some of the symptoms that can be experienced by people with red-green color blindness are:
- Yellow and green look reddish
- Orange, red, and yellow look like green
- Red looks like dark gray
- Red looks tawny, and green looks like beige
Blue-yellow color blind
This type also includes partial color blindness. Patients with this condition experience the following symptoms:
- Blue looks green
- It's hard to tell pink from yellow and red
- Yellow looks like light gray or purple
Total color blindness
Unlike the two types above, someone who suffers from total color blindness has difficulty distinguishing all colors. In fact, about 10% of people with total color blindness can only see white, gray, and black.
When to go to the doctor
Check with the doctor if you or your child find it difficult to distinguish certain colors. The doctor will conduct an examination to determine the diagnosis and rule out the possibility of complaints caused by other diseases.
Please note, at a mild level, some sufferers may not realize that they are color blind.
Color Blind Diagnosis
The doctor will perform a color blind examination to diagnose the condition in the patient. Some types of color blindness tests that can be done by doctors are:
Ishihara Test
The Ishihara test is the most frequently used. In the process, the doctor will ask the patient to recognize the numbers or letters that are vaguely listed on the image in the form of colored dots.
Color arrangement test
In the color arrangement test, the patient must arrange different colors according to the gradation of the color density level.
In addition to the two tests above, the doctor can perform additional tests to find out other causes of color blindness.
Color Blindness Treatment
There is no treatment method that can fully restore the patient's ability to see color. However, patients can train themselves to get used to the color blindness they suffer.
For parents, it is important to recognize the symptoms and signs of color blindness in children. The goal is that parents can help their children adapt to their conditions so that their daily learning activities or activities can run normally.
All the difficulties experienced by color blind patients can be reduced by several efforts, such as:
- Practice remembering all activities related to color, for example by remembering the position of the color on a traffic light sign
- Use bright lighting or lights in your home and office to help make the colors clear
- Using available supporting technologies, such as special applications that can detect and tell the color of an object
- Using contact lenses or special glasses that can help the patient detect certain colors while reducing the intensity of light that can interfere with the patient's vision
- Asking relatives or family for help when experiencing a difficult situation related to color, for example when matching the color of clothes or seeing if cooked meat is cooked
If the patient's color blindness is the result of certain diseases or side effects of drugs, the doctor will treat the disease or prescribe other drugs.
Color Blind Complications
The worst level of color blindness is total color blindness, which can only see black, white, and gray. Although it only occurs in 1 in 30,000 people, people with total color blindness may also experience other vision problems, such as:
- Nystagmus
- Sensitivity to bright light (photophobia)
- Decreased visual acuity
- Lazy eye (amblyopia)
- Farsighted
Color Blindness Prevention
Color blindness is a congenital disease that cannot be prevented. However, to avoid the risk of developing color blindness due to heredity, do a premarital consultation and genetic examination before planning a pregnancy.
In addition, there are several efforts that can be made to reduce the risk of color blindness due to other diseases, namely:
- Undergo regular health checks
- Have an eye exam every year
- Adopt a healthy lifestyle
- Exercise regularly
- Eat a complete and balanced nutritious diet
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