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| Stye, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
A stye or hordeolum is a condition when a painful pimple-like pimple or boil grows on the edge of the eyelid. Styes are generally caused by a bacterial infection and usually only appear on one eyelid.
A stye often appears on the outside of the eyelid, but sometimes it can appear on the inside of the eyelid. Nodules that grow on the inside are more painful than those that grow on the outside. Even so, the stye does not cause visual disturbances.
Stye causes and risk factors
The main cause of a stye is a staphylococcal bacterial infection. Bacteria that commonly live on the skin can clog the oil glands in the eyelids and cause inflammation.
Another cause of a stye is germs and dead skin trapped at the end of the eyelid.
There are several factors that can increase a person's risk of getting a stye, namely:
- Touching eyes with dirty hands
- Using expired cosmetics
- Don't clean the cosmetic marks on the eyes before going to bed
- Wearing contact lenses that are not sterile
- Have inflammation of the tip of the eyelid (blepharitis)
- Having rosacea which causes the skin to turn red
Stye Symptoms
The main symptom of a stye is the growth of a red nodule that is similar to a small boil on the eyelid, inside or outside the eyelid. Other symptoms that accompany this condition include:
- Red eye
- Watery eyes
- Swollen and painful eyelids
When to go to the doctor
In general, a stye will heal on its own without any special treatment. However, the risk of complications remains. Therefore, you are advised to see a doctor if the stye does not improve after 48 hours.
Immediately see a doctor if the swelling spreads to other parts of the face, such as the cheeks.
Stye Treatment
Most stye will heal on their own within 7–21 days, especially if the stye has ruptured and drained pus. However, never squeeze or pop a stye yourself, as this can lead to the spread of infection.
Here are some simple steps you can take to reduce the symptoms and discomfort of a stye:
- Keep your eyes clean
- Wash the stye eyelid with a mild soap and avoid using eye cosmetics until the stye heals.
- Compress the eyelids with warm water
- Compress the eyelids 2–4 times a day with a towel that has been soaked in warm water.
- Not wearing contact lenses
- Avoid using contact lenses until the stye is completely
- Taking painkillers
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol, to relieve eye pain.
If the stye doesn't heal and gets worse, see a doctor immediately. The treatment that is generally done by doctors is to give antibiotic eye drops or ointments.
If the stye doesn't improve with these medications, the ophthalmologist will make a small incision in the stye to drain the pus.
Stye Complications
A stye or hordeolum that doesn't heal can develop into a cyst due to blockage of a gland in the eyelid (chalazion), or the spread of infection to the tissues around the eyelid (preseptal cellulitis).
Stye Prevention
The main step to prevent the appearance of a stye is to keep the eye clean, including through the following efforts:
- Do not scratch the eyes, because it can trigger irritation and transfer of bacteria to the eyes
- Wash your hands before touching your eyes, and wear protective eyewear when cleaning the house to avoid dust
- Do not share the use of towels with others, especially with people who have a stye
- Sterilize contact lenses before use, and wash your hands before putting contact lenses in your eyes
- Do not use cosmetics that have expired and do not reuse eye cosmetics that have been used during a stye
- See a doctor if you have an infection or inflammation around the eyelids
- Clean your face before going to bed
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