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| Chlamydia, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial infection. If not treated promptly, chlamydia can increase the risk of infertility, especially in women.
Chlamydia can be experienced by men or women. In men, this disease can attack the urinary tract (urethritis). Whereas in women, chlamydia can occur in the pelvic organs.
In addition to the genital organs, chlamydia can attack the rectum, throat, and eyes. Transmission occurs when the part is exposed to fluids produced by the genital organs.
Chlamydia often causes no symptoms. Therefore, many people do not realize that they have been infected with this disease.
Causes of Chlamydia
Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is spread through fluids in the genital organs. A person can get this disease if they have sex with an infected person, especially if they don't use a condom.
In addition to vaginal intercourse, chlamydia can also be transmitted through oral or anal sex, causing chlamydia in the throat or rectum.
Judging from the mode of transmission, chlamydia is more likely to occur in people who have the following risk factors:
- Have you ever had a sexually transmitted disease?
- Frequently changing sexual partners
Symptoms of Chlamydia
Chlamydia usually causes no symptoms. However, people with chlamydia can still transmit the disease to others. When symptoms appear, usually occur only 1-3 weeks after the patient is infected.
Because the infected organs are different, the symptoms of chlamydia in men and women can also be different. Here is the explanation:
Symptoms of chlamydia in women:
- Very smelly discharge
- Burning feeling when urinating
- Pain during sexual intercourse and may experience vaginal bleeding afterward
When the infection has spread, the patient will feel nausea, fever, or pain in the lower abdomen.
Symptoms of chlamydia in men:
- Discharge from the penis
- The wound on the penis feels itchy or burning
- Burning feeling when urinating
- Pain or swelling in one or both testicles
In both men and women, chlamydia that infects the rectum will cause pain that can be accompanied by discharge or blood from the rectum.
When to go to the doctor
Someone who is at risk of suffering from chlamydia, for example people who like to have multiple sexual partners and do not use condoms, need to undergo chlamydia screening. Screening is done annually to detect chlamydia or other sexually transmitted diseases.
The partner of a person with chlamydia also needs to be examined. When exposed to chlamydia, both the patient and his partner must be treated immediately so as not to transmit this disease to others.
Pregnant women also need to undergo screening to prevent transmission of chlamydia to their babies. Screening is carried out during the first pregnancy examination and in the third trimester.
If the test results are positive for chlamydia, pregnant women need to be treated and checked by a gynecologist within 3 weeks and 3 months after treatment.
Three months after treatment, all chlamydia sufferers need to be retested. This is necessary because someone who has chlamydia is more at risk of being infected again.
Chlamydia diagnosis
The doctor will ask the patient's symptoms and history of sexual intercourse, followed by a physical examination, especially on the genital organs.
To detect chlamydia, the doctor will take urine samples and fluid samples from the patient's genital organs. Genital fluid samples were taken by rubbing a cotton bud on the genital organs.
In addition to the genital organs, a swab can also be performed on the throat or rectum, to detect Chlamydia bacteria.
Chlamydia Treatment
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Patients need to take antibiotics for 7 days, or just take a single dose of antibiotics as directed by the doctor. It is important to remember, patients should not have sexual intercourse until 7 days after treatment is complete.
Pregnant women who suffer from chlamydia need to be treated immediately with antibiotics so that they do not transmit this disease to the fetus and can give birth normally. Treatment of chlamydia in pregnant women is only started after the diagnosis is confirmed through laboratory tests.
If pregnant women remain at risk for chlamydia, a re-examination will be carried out in the third trimester of pregnancy. If the results come back positive, the pregnant woman will be treated again.
If the pregnant woman is still suffering from chlamydia near the time of delivery, the doctor will recommend a caesarean section. The goal is to reduce the risk of transmitting chlamydia to babies born.
Chlamydia Complications
Chlamydia can cause different complications in men and women. While in pregnant women, chlamydia can cause complications in the baby to be born.
The following are complications that can occur as a result of chlamydia disease:
Complications in women
In women, untreated chlamydial infection can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes (fallopian tubes), causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Pelvic inflammation can cause permanent damage to the female reproductive system. This condition can make sufferers experience infertility, prolonged pain in the pelvic area, and pregnancy outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy).
Women who have had chlamydia infection more than once will be more at risk for severe complications in the reproductive organs.
Complications in men
While in men, chlamydia usually does not cause complications. Even so, chlamydia bacteria can infect the sperm ducts (epididymis) causing pain in the testicles and lower abdomen, as well as fever and infertility.
Complications for pregnant women and fetus
The fetus is more at risk of being born prematurely, because chlamydia increases the risk of pregnant women experiencing premature rupture of the membranes. Babies born to people with chlamydia tend to have low birth weight and are at risk for pneumonia and trachoma, an eye infection that can cause blindness.
In men and women, chlamydia infection can also cause reactive arthritis, the body's reaction to infection. Chlamydia that is not treated immediately will increase the patient's risk of contracting gonorrhea or HIV/AIDS.
Chlamydia Prevention
Chlamydia prevention can be done by not changing sexual partners, using condoms correctly during sex, and routinely undergoing chlamydia screening.
People with chlamydia need to avoid sexual intercourse until permitted by a doctor, to avoid transmitting the disease to their partners.
People who are at risk of being infected with chlamydia need to undergo regular chlamydia screening so that this disease can be detected and treated early so that the risk of transmitting it to other people will also be lower.
People who are at risk of becoming infected with chlamydia are:
- Pregnant mother
- Pregnant women need to undergo chlamydia screening in early pregnancy and the third trimester of pregnancy.
- Commercial sex workers and multiple partners
- People who have multiple sexual partners or have multiple partners need to be screened for chlamydia at least once a year.
- Male sex (MSM) and bisexual men
- MSM and bisexual groups need to be screened for chlamydia at least once a year. However, if you have multiple sexual partners, MSM and bisexual need to undergo chlamydia screening more regularly, ie every 3 or 6 months.
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