Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin disorder that causes scaly skin, dandruff and redness. This inflammation usually occurs on the scalp. Seborrheic dermatitis can occur at any age, but is most common in infants and adults aged 30-60 years. In infants, seborrheic dermatitis is called cradle cap. This condition is characterized by a scalp that looks crusty and scaly.
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| Seborrheic Dermatitis, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
Seborrheic dermatitis is not a contagious disease and until now the cause is unknown. Although the cause cannot be ascertained, people with weak immune systems, such as people with HIV/AIDS, are known to be more susceptible to scalp diseases.
Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis
The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not known. However, it is suspected that this condition is caused by the Malassezia fungus which grows due to excessive oil on the surface of the skin.
Apart from oil production and the growth of fungus, the appearance of seborrheic dermatitis is also thought to be due to an abnormal response of the immune system.
There are a number of factors that put a person at greater risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis, including:
- Have a weak immune system, for example people who have recently had an organ transplant, people with HIV/AIDS, or people with cancer
- Are in the recovery stage from a dangerous illness, for example someone who recently had a heart attack
- Suffer from a mental or nervous disorder, such as Parkinson's disease or depression
- Using certain drugs, such as interferon, lithium, or psoralen
- Exposure to extreme weather, such as cold and dry weather
Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is often characterized by symptoms such as:
- Skin redness and itching
- Scaly skin
- Dandruff occurs due to flaky skin, which can be on the scalp or the mustache, beard, chest, and eyebrows
- A round or oval rash appears
These symptoms mainly appear on the scalp, and usually occur or get worse when the sufferer experiences stress. In certain cases, seborrheic dermatitis can appear accompanied by other health problems, namely acne, hirsutism, and baldness. This condition is called SAHA syndrome.
When to see a doctor
Seborrheic dermatitis can be treated alone with an over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoo. If seborrheic dermatitis does not improve to the point where it is uncomfortable, and causes embarrassment or anxiety, do an examination with a doctor.
If you suffer from seborrheic dermatitis and are unable to treat it independently or until it causes a skin infection, consult a doctor immediately. The doctor will give medicine to treat the infection.
Diagnosis of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is usually only determined by examining the condition of the skin, without the need for further examination. However, a dermatologist can take a sample of skin cells or a biopsy if there is a suspicion that the symptoms are caused by another disease.
Seborrheic Dermatitis Treatment
Seborrheic dermatitis can be treated with over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoos. These shampoos generally contain selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, sodium sulfacetamide, or sulfur.
Sufferers need to try several types of shampoo to find out which shampoo is the most effective for relieving the inflammation of the seborrheic dermatitis they are experiencing.
Meanwhile, to relieve inflammation in areas other than the head, sufferers can use antifungal creams, such as clotrimazole cream, which are applied 1-2 times a day.
In addition to treatment with over-the-counter shampoos or creams, several home treatments can also be done to control this inflammation. These efforts include:
- Do not scratch the body parts affected by seborrheic dermatitis, because this can exacerbate irritation and increase the risk of infection
- Bathe and wash your hair regularly by rinsing off the soap or shampoo thoroughly, and apply moisturizer if needed
- Do not use soap or shaving cream on the face because it can trigger skin irritation
- Use clothes with soft cotton to reduce irritation on the skin surface
If treatment with over-the-counter shampoos or creams has not been able to overcome the inflammation, then the doctor can prescribe the following medicines:
Topical corticosteroids (foreign drugs)
Your doctor may prescribe a cream, shampoo or ointment containing corticosteroids to use on the problem area. Examples of corticosteroid drugs are hydrocortisone, clobetasol, and desonide.
Antifungal
One of the shampoos that can be used is shampoo containing ketoconazole. If the patient's condition has not shown improvement, the doctor will give an antifungal drug in drinking form.
Seborrheic Dermatitis Complications
Severe seborrheic dermatitis on hairy areas can cause baldness. In addition, treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with corticosteroids can also cause complications in the form of thinning of the skin.
Prevention of Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis cannot be prevented. If you have experienced it, you can take the following steps to prevent the disease from recurring:
- Wash your hair with antifungal shampoo for 5 minutes, then rinse thoroughly. To clean the body, use soap that can remove the oil to prevent bacteria and fungi from occurring.
- Do not use skin and hair care products that contain alcohol, because they can cause inflammation in the skin.
- Stop using hair sprays, gels, or styling products that can trigger seborrheic dermatitis.
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