Yellow Fever, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

Yellow Fever, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications, yellow fever book,
where to get yellow fever vaccine,yellow fever vaccine side effects,yellow fever vaccine,yellow fever vaccine near me,

 

Yellow fever is a disease caused by a virus and transmitted through mosquitoes. Yellow fever is characterized by high fever, and yellowing of the eyes and skin due to decreased liver function.

Yellow fever is a dangerous disease. If not treated properly, this condition has a high risk of causing serious complications, such as kidney failure and coma. In some cases, yellow fever can even cause death.

Causes of Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is commonly found in Africa, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. Yellow fever can also affect people who live in endemic areas, or people who are visiting the area.

Yellow fever is caused by a type of Flavivirus which is spread by Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Haemagogus sp., and Sabethes sp. mosquitoes. This type of mosquito breeds in the environment around humans, including in clean water.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito carries the virus after biting an infected human or monkey. The virus then enters the mosquito's bloodstream and settles in the mosquito's salivary glands.

When the mosquito bites another human or monkey again, the virus will enter the bloodstream and spread in the human or monkey's body.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is most active during the day. Therefore, the spread of the yellow fever virus is most widespread at this time.

Symptoms of Yellow Fever

Symptoms of yellow fever appear in three phases, namely the incubation, acute, and toxic phases. Here's the explanation:

1. Incubation phase

In this phase, the virus that enters the body does not yet cause signs or symptoms. The incubation phase lasts 3–6 days after infection.

2. Acute phase

This phase occurs on the 3rd or 4th day after infection, and can last 3–4 days. In this phase, sufferers of yellow fever begin to feel symptoms, such as:

• Fever
• shivers
• Dizzy
• Muscle ache
• Headache
• Redness in the eyes, face or tongue
• Glare against light
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Easily tired

After the acute phase ends, these symptoms will disappear. Most people recover from yellow fever after this phase. However, as many as 15–25% of sufferers will actually enter a more serious phase of yellow fever, namely the toxic phase.

3. Toxic phase

In this phase, the symptoms that appear during the acute phase will be felt again by the sufferer after 24 hours of not appearing. Symptoms in the acute phase are accompanied by more serious complaints, such as:

• Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (sclera).
• Bleeding from nose, mouth and eyes
• Vomiting which is sometimes accompanied by blood
• Heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias)
• Little urine comes out
• Stomach ache
• Kidney failure
• Liver failure
• Shock
• Brain disorders, including delirium, seizures, to coma

When to see a doctor

Check with your doctor before visiting an area that is known to have had or is experiencing an outbreak of yellow fever. This is to determine whether or not you need to get vaccinated for yellow fever.

It is recommended that vaccination be carried out 3-4 weeks before traveling. However, if you don't have enough time, discuss with your doctor whether vaccinations should still be done, and ask for other recommendations so you can travel safely.

Immediately see a doctor when you feel the symptoms of yellow fever as mentioned above, especially if you are on or after visiting endemic countries.

Diagnosis of Yellow Fever

The following are attempts by doctors to diagnose yellow fever:

• Ask questions regarding the patient's history of symptoms, including history of travel to other areas and medical history
• Perform a complete physical examination from head to toe, including checking body temperature and blood pressure
• Do a blood test to find out whether there is a virus in the blood, or to detect antibodies that appear when the body is infected with a virus

Yellow fever is sometimes difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are quite common and mimic those of other diseases, such as malaria, typhoid and dengue fever.

Treatment of Yellow Fever

There is no medicine that can cure yellow fever apart from the immune system of each sufferer. Nevertheless, there are several treatment methods that doctors can do to treat symptoms, namely:

• Provide supplemental oxygen
• Keep blood pressure stable with fluid infusion
• Perform blood transfusion procedures, if there is anemia due to bleeding
• Carry out dialysis procedures if you have kidney failure
• Give fever and pain relievers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen
• Give antibiotics or other treatment if yellow fever is accompanied by a bacterial infection

Yellow Fever Complications

The following are some of the complications that can arise due to yellow fever:

• Delirium
• myocarditis
• Jaundice (jaundice)
• Pulmonary oedema
• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Brain inflammation (encephalitis)
• Secondary bacterial infections, such as pneumonia and bloodstream infections
• Internal bleeding
• Kidney failure
• Liver failure
• Coma
• Dead

Prevention of Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is not an impossible condition to prevent. The following are some ways you can prevent yellow fever:

Vaccination

Vaccination is the most important way to prevent yellow fever. Some countries even require tourists to have an immunization certificate before entering the country.

Therefore, if you have plans to go abroad, consult with your doctor about vaccinations, which should be done at least 3–4 weeks before departure.

One dose of the yellow fever vaccine can provide lifelong protection. However, for someone who frequently travels to endemic areas, it is advisable to repeat the vaccine dose every 10 years.

The side effects of this vaccine are generally mild, namely headaches, low-grade fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and pain at the injection site.

The yellow fever vaccine is safe for anyone, from 9 months to 60 years of age. However, there are several groups that need special attention before undergoing vaccination, namely:

• Pregnant mother
• Infants less than 9 months old
• Someone who is over 60 years old
• People who have previously been infected with yellow fever
• Someone with a severe allergy to egg protein
• People with weak immune systems, such as people with HIV/AIDS

Consult your doctor further if you are one of the groups of individuals above and plan to get a yellow fever vaccination.

Protection from mosquito bites

In addition to vaccination, the risk of yellow fever can also be reduced by protecting yourself from mosquito bites through the following efforts:

• Wear long sleeves and long pants, especially when doing outdoor activities.
• Install mosquito nets in air holes, such as at doors or windows.
• Use mosquito nets, if you don't have air conditioning or mosquito screen windows at home.
• Use mosquito repellent lotion according to the instructions and don't overdo it, because mosquito repellent lotions can be toxic.
• Use products that are meant for babies and children if you want to use mosquito repellent lotions on babies and children.
• Use some natural ingredients that are also able to provide protection against mosquito bites, such as eucalyptus oil.

Related Searches:

• yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever vaccine near me,
• what is yellow fever,
• yellow fever symptoms,
• yellow fever vaccine side effects,
• yellow fever book,
• yellow fever mosquito,
• where to get yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever history,
• how long does yellow fever vaccine last,
• yellow fever vaccine cost,
• how long is yellow fever vaccine good for,
• what causes yellow fever,
• walgreens yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever vaccine name,
• cvs yellow fever vaccine,
• symptoms of yellow fever,
• supernatural yellow fever,
• yellow fever asian,
• is yellow fever contagious,
• yellow fever shot,
• yellow fever urban dictionary,
• yellow fever virus,
• yellow fever epidemic,
• yellow fever shot near me,
• yellow fever 1793,
• where can i get yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever card,
• yellow fever philadelphia,
• yellow fever vaccine card,
• yellow fever urban,
• yellow fever vaccination,
• how is yellow fever transmitted,
• yellow fever supernatural,
• yellow fever definition,
• yellow fever vs malaria,
• yellow fever vaccine locations,
• yellow fever treatment,
• yellow fever slang,
• what are the symptoms of yellow fever,
• yellow fever vaccination near me,
• cdc yellow fever vaccine,
• malaria vs yellow fever,
• what are symptoms of yellow fever,
• is malaria yellow fever,
• is yellow fever malaria,
• cdc yellow fever,
• yellow fever vaccination card,
• yellow fever malaria,
• how much for yellow fever vaccine,
• how much is the yellow fever vaccine,
• how much is yellow fever vaccine,
• how much yellow fever vaccine,
• how much is a yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever porn,
• memphis yellow fever,
• where to get yellow fever vaccine near me,
• yellow fever transmission,
• malaria yellow fever,
• yellow fever death rate,
• yellow fever asia,
• yellow fever vaccine locations near me,
• yellow fever cure,
• yellow fever facts,
• yellow fever outbreak,
• the yellow fever,
• yellow fever eyes,
• cure for yellow fever,
• cost of yellow fever vaccinations,
• when did yellow fever start,
• yellow fever definition us history,
• yellow fever map,
• yellow fever eye,
• cost of yellow fever vaccine,
• where is yellow fever vaccine required,
• is there a cure for yellow fever,
• where to get a yellow fever vaccine,
• yellow fever pathogen,
• when was yellow fever discovered,
• side effects of yellow fever vaccine,
• vector of yellow fever,
• yellow fever mortality rate,
• yellow fever vaccine in new york city,
• how do you get yellow fever,
• 1793 yellow fever,
• what caused yellow fever,
• yellow fever meme,
• what was yellow fever,
• yellow fever 1793 philadelphia,
• yellow fever philadelphia 1793,
• how was yellow fever spread,
• where can i get a yellow fever shot,
• yellow fever treatments,
• how is yellow fever spread,
• yellow fever walter reed,
• yellow fever vaccine requirements,
• yellow fever vector,
• is yellow fever a virus,
• yellow fever vaccine nyc,