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| Dislocation, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
When a dislocation occurs, the tissues around the joint, such as the tendons, muscles and nerves, can also be injured. Therefore, dislocations need to be treated immediately to reduce the risk of permanent disability.
Dislocations can be partial (partial or subluxation) or total. This condition can also occur in all joints, such as knees, elbows, jaw and hips, but most often occurs in the shoulders and fingers.
Causes of Dislocation
Dislocations are caused by a hard impact or pressure on a joint. Conditions that can cause a dislocation include:
- Falls, for example due to slipping
- Accident while driving
- Injuries from contact sports, such as football or martial arts
Dislocation risk factors
Anyone can experience dislocation. However, there are several factors that can increase a person's risk of experiencing this condition, namely:
- Do sports that involve physical contact
- Having weak muscles and poor balance, for example due to muscular dystrophy
- Older or still a child
- Suffering from a hereditary disease that causes joint problems, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Dislocation Symptoms
Symptoms that can arise from a dislocation depend on the severity and location of the dislocation. Some of the symptoms and complaints that can arise are:
- Aches and pains in the injured joint
- Swollen and bruised joints
- The injured joint becomes red or black
- The shape of the joint becomes abnormal
- Pain when moving
- Numbness in the injured joint
When to see a doctor
Dislocation should be treated immediately. Otherwise, a number of serious complications may occur. One of them is damage to the nerves in the joint area.
Therefore, immediately see a doctor if there are symptoms or signs of dislocation. As first aid, apply a cold compress to the dislocated joint and keep it from moving.
Dislocation Diagnostics
To diagnose a dislocation, the doctor will ask and answer questions regarding the patient's symptoms, and recent activities that have the potential to cause a dislocation. The doctor will also carry out a physical examination by looking at the part of the joint that is suspected of having a dislocation, and checking blood circulation in that part.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor can carry out several supporting examinations, such as:
- X-rays, to confirm any dislocations or other damage that may occur in the joints
- MRI, to check for damage to the soft tissue structures around the dislocated joint
Dislocation Treatment
The method of treating a dislocation depends on the location of the dislocated joint and its severity. Broadly speaking, dislocation treatment aims to return the bone that has come out or shifted to its original position.
Treatment also aims to prevent damage to the nerves or blood vessels around the joint.
The following are some of the treatment methods that can be used to treat dislocations:
Drugs
Doctors can prescribe pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, to reduce pain and inflammation caused by dislocations.
Medical treatment
Medical treatments that can be given to treat dislocations include:
- Reduction action, to return the bone to its normal position
- Immobilization, to support the bones and prevent movement of joints that have returned to their normal position so that recovery is faster
- Surgery, to treat a dislocation that cannot be repaired by reduction, or when there has been damage to the blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments around the joint
- Rehabilitation, to strengthen joints and train patients to be able to move as usual
Self care
After the dislocation has been treated, there are several independent treatments that can be done at home to speed up the recovery process and relieve any discomfort that may arise.
Some of these treatments are:
- Compress the joints with ice or warm water for 15–20 minutes several times a day
- Resting the dislocated joint and avoiding movements that cause pain
- Train the joints with light movements and do it slowly
Dislocation complications
Although rare, dislocations that are not treated immediately can cause complications. These complications can appear suddenly (acute) or last a long time (chronic).
Some of the acute complications of dislocations are:
- Broken bones (fractures)
- Bleeding due to damage to soft tissue
- Damage to nerves and blood vessels in the joint area
- Infection in joints and bones
While some of the chronic complications that can occur are:
- Joint instability
- Stiff so limited range of motion
- Network death
- Inflammation in the joints
Dislocation Prevention
Follow these steps to prevent dislocations from occurring:
- Be careful and always be aware of accidents or falls while on the move.
- Use protective equipment when playing sports.
- Avoid standing on unstable places, such as chairs.
- Cover the floor of the house with a non-slippery carpet.
- Do regular exercise to improve balance and strength of the body's muscles.
- Use the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) when doing work with a risk of injury, such as construction workers.
- Make sure the bathroom remains dry so it is not slippery.
In children, dislocations can be prevented in the following ways:
- Make sure as much as possible that there are no items or areas in the house that could cause injury to the child.
- Always pay attention and supervise children when playing.
- Teach children safe behavior when doing activities or playing.
- Teach children to always clean up and store their toys in their place, so that children and other people do not slip.
- Install safety doors on the stairs so that children do not fall while playing on the stairs.
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