A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the prong of the upper arm is detached from the shoulder joint. This condition is more prone to occur in people whose joints are too flexible, elderly people, and people who are active in sports.
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| Shoulder Dislocation, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications |
The shoulder joint is a joint that can be moved in many directions. The cavity in the shoulder joint is also classified as a shallow cavity. Therefore, the shoulder joint is most easily dislocated.
Although it can detach backwards or downwards, it is more common for the upper arm bones to detach forward (anterior shoulder dislocation). This condition generally occurs when throwing objects or holding the body when it falls.
Causes of Dislocated Shoulder
A dislocated shoulder is caused by an injury to the shoulder, including the following:
- Sports, for example soccer, volleyball, and gymnastics
- Traffic accidents, such as motor vehicle collisions that cause a hard impact on the shoulder
- Falling, especially when the reflex hand holding the body
- Seizures or electric shock, which causes the muscles around the shoulder to contract and move out of location
Symptoms of Dislocated Shoulder
A person with a dislocated shoulder may experience the following signs and symptoms:
- Bulge near the shoulder
- Unbearable pain in the shoulder
- Arms like sticking out
- Swelling and bruising around the shoulder
- Difficulty or inability to move the arm
- Tighten the muscles around the shoulders
- Numbness in the neck, arm or fingers
When to see a doctor
Immediately seek medical help from a doctor if you experience the above complaints, especially if these complaints appear after an accident. While waiting for help, there are things that need attention, namely:
- Do not forcefully move or massage the dislocated shoulder, as this can damage the muscles, nerves and blood vessels around it
- Ice the dislocated shoulder wrapped in a towel to reduce pain and swelling
Diagnosis of Shoulder Dislocation
The doctor will ask about the symptoms experienced and the events that caused the upper arm bones to be detached, then carry out a physical examination. After that, the doctor will also perform an X-ray examination of the patient's shoulder, to see how far the shoulder joint is detached and detect damage to the surrounding tissue.
Shoulder Dislocation Treatment
Handling a dislocated shoulder needs to be done as soon as possible to prevent the joint from getting swollen and the pain getting worse. The methods used include:
Shoulder repositioning (closed reduction)
The doctor will return the displaced or detached upper arm bone to its original position. Before the procedure, the patient will be given muscle relaxants, sedatives, or sedatives, to reduce pain during the procedure. The pain should lessen as soon as the upper arm bones are back in position.
Operation
Surgery is performed if the shoulder dislocation occurs repeatedly and the supporting tissue around the shoulder is weak. The goal of surgery is to reposition the shoulder and tighten the supporting tissues that are weak or torn.
Surgery is also performed if the dislocated shoulder causes damage to nerves or blood vessels, but these conditions are rare.
Support installation
The doctor will attach a special brace to keep the patient's shoulder from moving. The duration of using the support depends on the condition of the injured shoulder, it can be only a few days or up to 3 weeks. However, full recovery generally takes 3–4 months.
After the shoulder dislocation is resolved, the doctor will recommend that the patient do self-therapy to relieve pain and speed up the recovery process, including:
1. Compresses the shoulder
Applying a compress with ice wrapped in a towel can relieve pain and swelling of a dislocated shoulder. Do compresses for 15-20 minutes 3-4 times a day. After the pain and swelling subside, apply a compress with warm water for 20 minutes, to relax tense muscles.
2. Resting the shoulders
Do not carry heavy loads and raise your arms until the shoulder condition improves. Also avoid doing movements that previously caused shoulder dislocation, as well as movements that cause pain.
3. Take pain relievers
Pain relievers, such as paracetamol, can help relieve shoulder pain. It is important to remember, follow the instructions for using the drug and stop using the drug after the pain subsides.
After the shoulder dislocation improves, the doctor will recommend the patient to undergo physiotherapy. The goal is to restore range of motion, strength, and stability to the shoulder joint. That way, the patient can return to normal activities.
Shoulder Dislocation Complications
Shoulder dislocation can cause several complications, namely:
- Damage to the nerves, muscles, connective tissue between bones (ligaments), connective tissue between bones and muscles (tendons), or blood vessels, around the dislocated shoulder joint
- The shoulder becomes unstable so there is a risk of repeated dislocations
Shoulder Dislocation Prevention
Shoulder dislocation can be prevented by taking independent measures, such as:
- Exercise regularly, to maintain strength and flexibility of the joints and muscles of the shoulder
- Use protective equipment when doing sports that involve physical contact, such as football
- Be careful in your activities so you don't fall or suffer an injury that can cause a dislocated shoulder
Someone who has suffered a dislocated shoulder is more likely to experience a dislocated shoulder again. Therefore, carry out a physiotherapy program for shoulder dislocation according to doctor's recommendations, to maintain shoulder stability and strength.
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