what is hpv virus
The HPV virus is a virus that can cause diseases, such as warts and cancer of the genitals. HPV virus infection can attack men and women and can generally be transmitted to partners. Therefore, preventing HPV infection needs to be done in both women and men.
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| Know the dangers of HPV virus infection in men and women |
The HPV virus or human papillomavirus has many types. However, the types that most often cause genital warts are types 6 and 11. Meanwhile, the HPV virus types 16 and 18 can cause cancer, such as cervical cancer (cervical) and anal cancer.
Transmission of HPV Virus Infection
Both women and men can be infected with the HPV virus, especially those who are sexually active. Transmission of this virus can occur through penetration of the penis into the vagina, oral sex, or anal sex.
The risk of infection increases in people who frequently change sexual partners and have unprotected sex. If the HPV virus infects the body, the sufferer will be more at risk of experiencing lumps on the skin that resemble cauliflower.
In women, lumps are usually on the vaginal lips, vaginal opening, or cervix. Meanwhile, in men, lumps appear in the penis area, testicles, or around the anus. These lumps can also appear in the oral cavity if the infection is transmitted through oral sex.
Apart from that, HPV virus infection can also cause cancer, including cervical cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer and oral cancer. It is estimated that around 570,000 women and 60,000 men suffer from cancer caused by the HPV virus worldwide.
Danger of the HPV Virus
HPV virus infection can attack men and women. However, generally HPV virus infection causes more symptoms and diseases in women, for example cervical cancer. The following are the dangers of the HPV virus and the diseases it can cause in women and men:
The dangers of the HPV virus in women
The HPV virus, especially types 16 and 18, has a big risk of causing cervical cancer. Usually, early stage cervical cancer does not show any symptoms, so many cervical cancer sufferers are not aware of it. However, through routine examinations, this disease can be detected early and treated earlier.
Symptoms of cervical cancer generally only appear when the cancer has spread (metastasized) or entered a more advanced stage. Signs can include vaginal bleeding after intercourse, pain after sex, watery and strong-smelling vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain.
Although rare, the HPV virus can also cause vaginal cancer, anal cancer or throat cancer.
The dangers of the HPV virus in men
The HPV virus can also cause several types of cancer in men, ranging from anal cancer to penile cancer. This cancer is also often detected late and does not get immediate treatment if the initial symptoms are not clear and the sufferer does not feel it.
Symptoms that usually appear in anal cancer are a lot of blood coming out of the anus or defecation with feces mixed with blood, it can also be a lump coming out of the anus. Meanwhile, symptoms of penile cancer generally include lumps or sores on the penis that grow quickly and bleed easily.
The risk of men getting cancer due to infection with the HPV virus is higher in the male population who have sex with men (MSM) and in people with impaired immune systems, for example people with HIV/AIDS.
How to Prevent HPV Virus Infection
The HPV vaccine is one way to prevent infection with the HPV virus as well as its dangers. In Indonesia, the HPV vaccine can be given at the age of 9–26 years. Not only women, men also need the HPV vaccine to prevent infection and the dangers of the HPV virus.
The HPV vaccine is recommended to be given from a young age, because at this age neither men nor women are sexually active. By giving it early, the HPV vaccine will be more effective in preventing the transmission of the HPV virus.
If the HPV vaccine is given at the age of 9-14 years, 2 injections of the vaccine are needed. However, if it is given at the age of 15 years or more, 3 injections of the HPV vaccine are needed.
In order to work effectively to prevent infection with the HPV virus, the HPV vaccine needs to be given according to the schedule and the number of administrations must also be complete. If one of the injections is missed or lacking, consult a doctor to get a plan for the next vaccine injection.
In addition to getting vaccinated, prevention of infection with the HPV virus can be optimized by practicing safe sex, namely not having multiple sexual partners or using condoms during sex.
To detect infection and the dangers of the HPV virus, especially cervical cancer, women who are sexually active are advised to undergo a Pap smear test regularly, which is every 3 years or 5 years, depending on age and risk.
Meanwhile, men who are at high risk of developing anal cancer due to the HPV virus are advised to do an anal Pap smear (anal Pap smear/anal Pap test).
Prevention and early detection are the main keys to dealing with the dangers of the HPV virus. So, if you haven't gotten the HPV vaccine, have children in their teens who haven't been given the HPV vaccine, or you want to do routine checks to detect the dangers of the HPV virus, don't hesitate to consult a doctor.
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